Enhancing SSH Security: Changing the Default SSH Port on Linux

In today’s interconnected digital landscape, safeguarding remote server access holds critical importance. Among the prevalent methods for remote access is the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol, furnishing encrypted communication sessions across unsecured networks to facilitate secure remote administration and file transfers.

However, despite its robust security features, SSH remains susceptible to attacks. Malicious actors continually probe networks for vulnerabilities, often targeting SSH on its default port 22. Altering this default port can serve as a simple yet effective tactic to bolster system security.

Understanding SSH Port Security

SSH typically operates on port 22 by default, providing attackers with a direct target for exploitation. This standardized port simplifies the task for malicious entities, who frequently launch brute-force attacks attempting to gain unauthorized access by testing common username-password combinations. Changing the default port introduces an additional layer of complexity, complicating attackers’ efforts to identify and exploit SSH services.

Steps to Modify the SSH Port

1. Select a New Port: Choose a port number between 1024 and 65535, avoiding commonly used ports to minimize conflicts with other services.
2. Edit SSH Configuration File: Utilize a text editor such as nano or vi to open the SSH configuration file, typically located at /etc/ssh/sshd_config
3. Locate the Port Directive: Identify the line starting with Port, which designates the port on which SSH listens for incoming connections.
4. Update the Port Number: Replace the default port number (22) with the chosen port number.
5. Save and Close the File: Save your modifications and exit the text editor.
6. Restart SSH Service: To implement the changes, restart the SSH service using the command:
7. Open new SSH port in Firewall: Make sure your open the new SSH in server firewall

sudo systemctl restart sshd

Advantages of Port Modification

Changing the default SSH port offers several benefits:

• Reduced Exposure: Altering the SSH service port diminishes the susceptibility to automated attacks by obscuring its presence.
• Brute-Force Attack Mitigation: Attackers often target default ports for brute-force attacks. Changing the port disrupts these automated attempts, necessitating additional reconnaissance efforts to discover the new port.
• Enhanced Security Through Obscurity: While not a standalone security solution, leveraging security through obscurity complements existing security measures, adding an extra layer of protection.

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